Socialist Countries Show Higher Innovation Rates

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On the x-axis is a “socialism index,” a composite measure I developed that aggregates scores across five indicators: social spending, public ownership, public employment, codetermination, and economic decommodification. On the y-axis is a measure of innovation: private research and development spending as a share of GDP. What we find is not a negative relationship but a positive one.
In short, countries with more socialistic characteristics tend to be more innovative, not less.

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